* From the command prompt run: Run “pip install bleak”
### RoverLLM.py
{% hint style="success" %}
The activities in this lesson are based on the contents of this file. When prompted below, you can use the copy feature to save a copy of the file to your device
{% endhint %}
import asyncio
import gc
from bleak import BleakClient, BleakScanner
DEVICE_NAME = "ROV_7446B3EA794D"
MAILBOX_CHARACTERISTIC = "0000ffd1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
COMMAND_CHARACTERISTIC = "0000ffd2-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb"
client = None # Global client variable
async def find_device_by_exact_name(name):
print("Scanning for BLE devices...")
devices = await BleakScanner.discover(timeout=10.0)
for d in devices:
if d.name == name:
print(f"Found device: {d.name} ({d.address})")
return d.address
print(f"No device found with name: {name}")
return None
async def initialize():
await MoveMotors(-1, -1, -1, -1)
await MoveMotors(0, 0, 0, 0)
async def MoveMotors(m1, m2, m3, m4):
motors = [max(-100, min(100, val)) & 0xFF for val in (m1, m2, m3, m4)]
payload_mailbox = bytearray(motors)
payload_command = bytearray([0x13, 0x00])
await client.write_gatt_char(MAILBOX_CHARACTERISTIC, payload_mailbox, response=False)
await client.write_gatt_char(COMMAND_CHARACTERISTIC, payload_command, response=False)
print(f"Motors moved: [{m1} {m2} {m3} {m4}]")
async def StartProgram():
print("Move Forward at 50% for 2 seconds")
await MoveMotors(50, 50, 50, 50)
await asyncio.sleep(2)
print("Stop")
await MoveMotors(0, 0, 0, 0)
await asyncio.sleep(2)
async def main():
global client
address = await find_device_by_exact_name(DEVICE_NAME)
if not address:
return
client = BleakClient(address)
try:
await client.connect()
if not client.is_connected:
print("Failed to connect.")
return
print(f"Connected to {DEVICE_NAME}")
await initialize()
await StartProgram()
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error: {e}")
finally:
try:
print(f"Attempting disconnect... connected: {client.is_connected}")
await client.disconnect()
await asyncio.sleep(1)
gc.collect()
print("Disconnected and cleaned up.")
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error during disconnect: {e}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
Each activity aligns with topics from the **PCEP‑30‑02 Certified Entry‑Level Python Programmer exam**.
This course teaches Python programming while controlling a four‑motor rover.
In every activity:
• Save the file as **activityX.py**\
• Run the program using **Visual Studio Code**\
• **Modify or debug the `StartProgram()` function**\
• Do NOT modify the rover Bluetooth code
You will fix bugs, complete missing code, and extend programs.
***
## Running Programs in Visual Studio Code
1. Open **Visual Studio Code**
2. Open your rover project folder
3. Create a new file (example: `activity1.py`)
4. Paste the rover base program into the file
5. Modify **StartProgram()**
6. Run the program
Open the terminal:
Terminal → New Terminal
Run:
```bash
python activity1.py
```
***
## Rover Motor Command
The rover moves using:
```python
await MoveMotors(m1, m2, m3, m4)
```
Values range **-100 to 100**
| Value | Meaning |
| ----- | ------------ |
| 100 | Full Forward |
| 50 | Half Forward |
| 0 | Stop |
| -50 | Reverse |
| -100 | Full Reverse |
***
## SECTION 1 – Python Fundamentals
***
## Activity 1 – Instructions and Comments
### Objective
Learn:
• Python instructions\
• indentation\
• comments
### Save
```
activity1.py
```
### Starter Code
```python
async def StartProgram():
# TODO move rover forward
await MoveMotors(50,50,50,50)
# TODO wait 2 seconds
# TODO stop rover
```
### Student Task
Complete the program so the rover:
1. Moves forward **2 seconds**
2. Stops
3. Waits **1 second**
Add comments explaining the code.
***
## Activity 2 – Variables
### Objective
Learn:
• variables\
• integers\
• storing values
### Save
```
activity2.py
```
### Starter Code
```python
async def StartProgram():
speed = 50
await MoveMotors(speed,speed,speed,speed)
await asyncio.sleep()
await MoveMotors(0,0,0,0)
```
### Student Task
Fix the missing value so the rover moves forward **2 seconds**.
Add a variable called:
```
duration
```
***
## Activity 3 – Operators (Debugging)
### Objective
Learn:
• operators\
• modifying variable values
### Starter Code (Bug)
```python
async def StartProgram():
speed = 10
for i in range(5):
await MoveMotors(speed,speed,speed,speed)
await asyncio.sleep(1)
speed + 10
```
### Student Task
Fix the bug so speed increases each loop.
Expected speeds:
10\
20\
30\
40\
50
***
## SECTION 2 – Control Flow
***
## Activity 4 – Conditional Statements
### Objective
Learn:
• if\
• elif\
• else
### Starter Code
```python
async def StartProgram():
command = input("Enter command: ")
if command == "forward":
await MoveMotors(50,50,50,50)
# TODO add backward command
await asyncio.sleep(2)
await MoveMotors(0,0,0,0)
```
### Student Task
Add commands:
```
backward
left
right
```
***
## Activity 5 – Loops
### Objective
Learn:
• for loops\
• repetition
### Starter Code
```python
async def StartProgram():
for i in range(1):
await MoveMotors(50,50,50,50)
await asyncio.sleep(2)
await MoveMotors(0,0,0,0)
```
### Student Task
Fix the loop so the rover repeats the movement **5 times**.
***
## Activity 6 – Movement Pattern
### Objective
Learn:
• combining loops with movement
### Starter Code
```python
async def StartProgram():
for i in range(4):
await MoveMotors(50,50,50,50)
await asyncio.sleep(2)
# TODO add right turn
await MoveMotors(0,0,0,0)
```
### Student Task
Add turning code so the rover drives in a **square**.
***
## SECTION 3 – Data Collections
***
## Activity 7 – Lists
### Objective
Learn:
• lists\
• iterating through lists
### Starter Code
```python
async def StartProgram():
speeds = [20,40,60]
for s in speeds:
await MoveMotors(s,s,s,s)
await asyncio.sleep(1)
```
### Student Task
Add more speeds:
```
10
30
50
70
```
***
## Activity 8 – Movement Sequences (Debugging)
### Starter Code (Bug)
```python
async def StartProgram():
moves = [
(50,50,50,50),
(50,-50,50,-50)
]
for m in moves:
await MoveMotors(m)
```
### Student Task
Fix the program so the rover executes the sequence.
Hint: `MoveMotors()` requires **4 arguments**.
***
## Activity 9 – Dictionaries
### Objective
Learn:
• dictionaries\
• key/value lookups
### Starter Code
```python
async def StartProgram():
commands = {
"forward": (50,50,50,50),
"stop": (0,0,0,0)
}
cmd = input("Enter command: ")
m = commands[cmd]
await MoveMotors(m[0],m[1],m[2],m[3])
```
### Student Task
Add commands:
```
backward
left
right
```
***
## SECTION 4 – Functions
***
## Activity 10 – Functions
### Objective
Learn:
• defining functions\
• parameters
### Starter Code
```python
async def DriveForward(speed,time):
# TODO complete function
async def StartProgram():
await DriveForward(40,2)
```
### Student Task
Finish the function so the rover:
1. Moves forward
2. Waits
3. Stops
***
## Activity 11 – Exception Handling
### Objective
Learn:
• try\
• except\
• preventing program crashes
### Starter Code
```python
async def StartProgram():
speed = int(input("Enter speed: "))
await MoveMotors(speed,speed,speed,speed)
```
### Student Task
Add exception handling so the program does not crash if the user enters text.
***
## Activity 12 – Command Parser
### Objective
Learn:
• strings\
• text commands\
• program logic
### Starter Code
```python
async def StartProgram():
command = input("Enter command: ").lower()
if command == "forward":
await MoveMotors(50,50,50,50)
elif command == "backward":
pass
elif command == "left":
pass
elif command == "right":
pass
```
### Student Task
Complete the commands so the rover responds correctly.
Add a command:
```
spin
```
***
## Final Challenge – Rover Patrol
Create a new file:
```
final_mission.py
```
Write a program that:
1. Drives in a square
2. Spins in place
3. Returns to the starting point
4. Stops
Use:
• loops\
• functions\
• conditionals\
• lists
---
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